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Margaret-Pawley

A veteran interview with

Margaret Pawley

Margaret Pawley  spent her time in Egypt and Italy helping to code and decode messages.

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About Margaret Pawley

Margaret Pawley was born in Germany to British parents, she moved back to England in her childhood. During the war her father recommended she sign up for the SEO (Secret Operations Executive), thinking her ability to speak German would make her a great asset. She interviewed at Baker street and was accepted, she completed 8 days of training at the FANY cipher school before being sent to Cairo. She worked in the signals office for a while before being sent to Italy. She was stationed there for a couple of months, before someone noticed she could speak German, because of this, she was transferred to an intelligence branch where she began to listen and decode German transmissions so that she could track their movements.

Margaret reflects on the highs and lows of her wartime experience. Deadly illnesses were very common, and she recalls many of her comrades died to sickness. She herself suffered ringworm and jaundice due to the lack of fresh food. However, she also cherishes the friendships she made and the support among her peers. She continued her duties until the war’s end, she was sent to Scotland to assist the injured before being demobbed in December.

She recalls how the FANYs began and the different roles these women had throughout the years. She talks about how it developed into the SOE and how the FANYs were used as a cover for its female operatives. The role of the FANYs was recognised by Major-General Sir Colin McVean Gubbins, acknowledging he couldn’t have run the SOE without the women of FANY.

Credits

Interviewed by:
Martyn Cox
Reviewed by:
Jake Woods

Transcripts:
Please note that transcripts and closed captions in the video player are automatically generated by Vimeo.

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Home | Veterans | Margaret Pawley

A veteran interview with

Margaret Pawley

Margaret-Pawley

Margaret Pawley  spent her time in Egypt and Italy helping to code and decode messages.

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Cite this interview:

MLA Style:
Pawley, Margaret. A Veteran Interview with Margaret Pawley. Interview by Martyn Cox. Legasee, n.d. https://www.legasee.org.uk/veteran/margaret-pawley/. Accessed 6 Jun. 2026.
APA Style:
Pawley, M. (n.d.). A Veteran Interview with Margaret Pawley [Interview by Martyn Cox]. Legasee. Retrieved June 6, 2026, from https://www.legasee.org.uk/veteran/margaret-pawley/
Chicago Style:
Pawley, Margaret. n.d.. A Veteran Interview with Margaret Pawley. Interview by Martyn Cox. Legasee. Accessed June 6, 2026. https://www.legasee.org.uk/veteran/margaret-pawley/
Harvard Style:
Pawley, M. (n.d.). A Veteran Interview with Margaret Pawley. [Interviewed by Martyn Cox]. Legasee. Available at https://www.legasee.org.uk/veteran/margaret-pawley/ (Accessed: 6 June 2026)
Vancouver Style:
Pawley, M. A Veteran Interview with Margaret Pawley [Internet]. Interview by M. Cox. Legasee; n.d. [cited 2026 Jun 6]. Available from: https://www.legasee.org.uk/veteran/margaret-pawley/
An interview with

Barbara O’Connell

A volunteer FANY (First Aid Nursing Yeomanry) shares stories of newfound excitement and freedoms training and working as coder in World War II

Barbara O’Connell recalls the freedoms and responsibilities she gained as a young woman working as a volunteer FANY (First Aid Nursing Yeomanry) in World War II. Barbara recounts her time at Fawley Court in Henley where she was trained to code by writer and expert cryptographer, Leo Marks, leader of the Codes and Ciphers team which provided the crucial communications link for Special Operations Executive agents working in occupied Europe. She was later transferred to Grendon Underwood listening station in Buckinghamshire, and recalls, with some humour, the awful sleeping arrangements and the terrible food, and how she managed to find ways around these problems. Too excited to be scared, she tells of a journey by boat through U-boat patrolled waters to Algeria where she worked at the SOE's secret 'Massingham' base at Sidi Ferruch, just outside Algiers. Promoted to cadet Ensign, she coded messages sent during operations to secure the Italian armistice. Some years later, those involved were invited to Bologna, and Barbara proudly shows the ‘amazing medal’ presented to her in recognition of the part she played.
Service:
Interviewed by:
Martyn Cox
An interview with

Betty Norton

The insightful memories of a female coder working in North Africa, Italy and France during WWII.

En route from France to England in 1942, a chance encounter with two American SOEs in Ireland led Betty Norton to join the FANY (First Aid Nursing Yeomanry). After training as a coder she was sent to serve as a WT operator in North Africa, where she worked in blistering heat and sometimes for 16 hours at a stretch. In her interview, Betty shares fascinating insights about her life and work during service, and the constant innovations needed to keep coded messages secure. After falling ill with malaria and jaundice, Betty was sent back to France where she could continue working closer to home, and she recalls the difficulties and unhappiness of life under occupation. When the war finally ended, Betty was demobbed in France but it wasn’t until she returned to London that she experienced the true relief of freedom.
Service:
Interviewed by:
Ailsa Camm
An interview with

Eileen Simpson

Eileen Simpson recounts her experiences working as a coder during WW2 for the Special Operations Executive (SOE).

At the age of seventeen, with the knowledge that she wouldn’t have an address, and her parents wouldn’t know where she was, Eileen Simpson became a FANY (First Aid Nursing Yeomanry). After training at the SOE centre at Chicheley Hall in Buckinghamshire, Eileen tells how she went to work at Norgeby House in Baker Street, London, the SOE’s main WW2 control centre for the European country sections. There she spent three years, working in a team with three other women, coding messages sent to operatives in the field, and compiling schedules and frequencies for when SOE agents across Europe should send their messages. Eileen remembers having to be careful not to get too attached to agents due to the heavy loss of personnel, and being all too aware that you shouldn’t discuss work when ‘you’ve got other people’s lives in your hands’. Working six and a half days a week, including through Doodle bomb raids, and the time a V-2 rocket landed on Marylebone Station, the women formed a close-knit group which resulted in lifelong friendships. Eileen recalls being very aware that they had something to work for, and despite having very little time off, she says she ‘loved every minute!’
Service:
Interviewed by:
Martyn Cox